╨╧рб▒с>■  9;■   8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ье┴5@ Ё┐7bjbj╧2╧2 ">нXнX/      ИВВВВВВВЦ║║║║ ╞ ЦПЎ▐▐▐▐▐▐▐▐$ЕR╫z4В┬▐▐┬┬4ВВ▐▐I╝╝╝┬ В▐В▐╝┬╝"╝▐ВВ▐▐╥ юC─║╠ ▐_0П▐Q╓▄Q▐ЦЦВВВВQВ▐0▐"╝,Ц▐▐▐44ЦЦ$║▓ ЦЦ║TODSS GIS PORTAL It is envisioned that the TODSS will include ESRI's GIS Portal Toolkit within its configuration. A GIS portal organizes content and services such as directories, search tools, community information, support resources, data and applications. GIS Portals provide capabilities to query metadata records for relevant data and services and then link them directly to the online sites that host content services. A major use of the GIS portal will be to facilitate participatory or Community Mapping. Community mapping provides an inclusive, graphic framework for people to verify and pool their collective experiences and knowledge about a targeted geographic region. The targeted geographic region for TODSS is known as the vacationscape, which may include or cut across different geopolitical boundaries. In the Observation phase of the TODSS OODA Loop, the input of local experience and knowledge about local issues becomes a valuable asset within the TODSS database. This information can be analyzed against information from other regions to compare and contrast information inside and outside the TODSS community of practice. Mapping helps to analyze the linkages, patterns and interrelationships of land use. The map becomes vitally important when dealing with the indigenous population's connection to the land, wildlife management and environmental issues in the context of sustainable tourism development. When local people participate in mapping they become equal consultants in the development of policy, management and design. Through participatory mapping, the collective vision of the Tourism Entity (TE) and its stakeholders, a Common Operational Picture (COP) is created and will reflect an inclusive vision of the process and the vacationscape being developed. Information may be directly input into the system through a remote computer terminal or translated from sketches maps and diagrams created through different types of mapping processes. The original sketches maps and diagrams can be preserved through digital photography. Even maps scribed in the dirt or created with found materials like sticks, stones and seeds can be preserved in this manner. Mapping exercises conducted in charettes, public meetings or simple submissions focus not on accuracy but on the perspectives of the maps author. Collecting maps created by different groups within the vacationscape (and beyond the vacationscape), will show the different perspectives of the socioeconomic and geographical entities within the vacationscape. Such maps may be used to start dialogs, negotiations and collaborations within stakeholder groups. A number of map layers will be maintained within the TODSS GIS Portal so that new maps may be created to display natural resource, cadastral information, zoning or relationships. A common operational picture map will be archived on month to month bases to provide a geographical "balance sheet" to track progress. Through the medium of the GIS Portal, some maps will be available for display only; other maps will be interactive depending upon the needs of the TE. According to ESRI, (ArcNew Winter 2004) the user will be able to view the front end content of the GIS portal as the TODSS website with a collection of pages that describe the content, search and navigation instructions as well as information of general interest to the TE and it's stakeholders. Proprietary information will be password protected; an example of this could be a map layer describing the fiber optic cable plant within a community, which telephony or cable companies may not wish as general knowledge. The GIS portal front end sits atop the internet map server (ArcIMS) that provides metadata management, mapping, geocoding and data downloading services. The geoservices data is held in a DBMS that is accessed via a database gateway (ArcSDE). Queries to the portal can come from both tin and thick (desktop) clients over HTTP based internet connections. In this way both professional GIS Desktop users and browser based users can make use of the portal and fully distributed services over open internet connections. The GIS will require data layers that can be superimposed upon one another to create maps for analysis. These data layers do not have to be created from scratch. Due to the efforts of a public-private partnership funded by the United States Geographical Survey called the Open Data Consortium public record geodata can be obtained from government agencies. This is a partial list of data layers and the agencies they would be obtained from for a TODSS demonstration project located in Florida. Descriptive Name (Source) Agricultural land (FDEP, Water management districts) Air Quality Maintenance Areas (U.S. Census Bureau) Air Transportation Facilities (FAA) American Indian Reservations and Tribal Trust Land (U.S. Census Bureau) Drastic Coverage for the Floridian Aquifer System (FDEP) Florida Aquatic Preserve Boundaries (FMRI) Drainage Basins (FDEP) Bathymetric Contour Lines (FMRI) Census Block Groups 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau) Florida Boat-ramps ( FMRI) FDOT Bridges (FDOT) Identified Brownfield (FDEP) Navigable Waterways (Bureau of Transportation Statistics) Boundaries of Conservation and Recreation Lands (FNAI) Registered Cellular Antenna Structure Locations (FCC) Coastal Emergency Management Flood Data (FEMA) Census Blocks 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau) FDOT Center Lane Data (FDOT, RCI) Florida Coastline including Estuaries and Tidal Rivers (FMRI) Areas within coastal barrier resource area (NOAA) Florida County Boundaries 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau) Digital Orthophoto Quads (USGS) FDEP Ecosystem management areas (FDEP) USEPA Toxic Release Inventory (USEPA) EPA Water Quality Data (USEPA) Federal Aviation Administration Obstructions (FAA) FDOT Facilities (FDOT) Environmental Geology (FDEP) FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FEMA) Florida Forest Inventory and Analysis (USDA Forest Service) National Estuarine Research Reserve Boundaries (FMRI) FNAI Conservation Areas (FNAI) Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) Florida Fire Departments (FDEM) North Florida future Land Use (SWFRPC) South Florida future land Use (SWFRPC) Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Management Areas (FFWCC) Florida plant community and land cover data (FFWCC) Area of Natural and Scientific Interest "hot spot data" (FFWCC) Biking, equestrian and hiking trails (Geoplan) Florida Greenways (Geoplan) Hazardous material sites (FDOT) Hospitals (FDEM) Hydrological features 1:100,000 (USGS) Hydrological features 1:24,000 (USGS) Soil Maps (USDA, Water management districts) Industrial Areas (FDEP, Water Management Districts) Interstates and State Routes (FDOT) Major Roads (FDOT) Florida Mangroves (FMRI) Florida manatee Speed Zones (FMRI) Marinas (FMRI Major Prison Facilities (FDEP) Florida's River Assessments (FDEP) Population areas (U.S. Census Bureau) Population Centers (U.S. Census Bureau) Points of Interest (Geoplan) Pinelands (FDEP, FNAI, Water management Districts) Public lands (FNAIMA) Power Plants (USGS) Railways (FDOT) Residential areas (FDEP, Water management Districts) Regional Planning Council Boundaries (FDEP) Florida railway system (FDOT) Airport runways (BTS) School Locations (FDEP) Benthic Resources (FMRI) Sewage treatment Facilities (FDEP) 100 yr Flood Plains (FEMA) Historic Bridges (SHPO) Cemeteries (SHPO) Archeological and Historic Sites (SHPO) Historic structures (SHPO) Solid Waste Facilities (FDEP) Sinkhole locations (Subsurface Evaluations Inc.) Sole Source Aquifers (USEPA) Statewide coverage of streams (USGS) Registered Television Broadcast Structures (FCC) Wetlands (FDEP, Water management Districts) Water Treatment Facilities (FDEP) These data layers could be used to create many and various useful maps for decision support. It is envisioned that the most common types of maps created, will be resource maps which identify environmental resources. These resource maps will be used to identify potential problems and opportunities within the vacationscape. Resource Maps will be important in the planning of ecotourism opportunities and the creation of buffer zones around sensitive Areas of Scientific and Natural Interest (ANSI). The resource map illuminates the importance of different resources to tourism and problems for environmental and historic preservation, while visualizing spatial relationships between places of business or residence and the resources or the problems. Another common application is envisioned as the creation of Asset and Relationship maps which identify the location of tourism assets and records the volume and flow of traffic between and among these assets. These maps show the direction of flow, destinations and sources and types of different resource relationships. The relationships might be business to business, community to business, business to resource. The asset and relationship map reveals the degree of fit between current tourism assets and the needs of the tourist on maps which reveal the ebb and flow of supply and demand. It is envisioned that the GIS portal will be used in conjunction with use of public participation mapping efforts such as Transect Mapping. Transect Mapping aids in addressing resource management issues. Transect mapping shows the state of the vacationscape (and the environment), what is in good shape and what is in need of remediation or replacement. Stakeholders walk from one border of the vacationscape to the other making notes on the details of the landscape, flora, fauna and issues that need addressing. Sketched on paper, the resulting diagram shows the edges and nodes on a cross sectional illustration of the territory with notes explaining the points of interest and concern. This is then uploaded into the TODSS database for display and online discussion. Other possible uses of the GIS portal and participatory mapping would involve mental mapping and comparative diagrams analysis. Within a public charette or online charette, a number of future visions of the vacationscape are mapped by different stakeholders to find collaborative solutions through the analyses of differences and similarities between different visions. The TODSS GIS Portal can also be used as an educational tool through iniatives such as Green Mapping. Green Mapping uses the internet to graphically display maps which promote efforts toward green sustainability in cities and to map the network of community contacts which build community capacity. These social maps can be used to show relationships between the community or the environment and the resources of individuals within the community. The GIS toolkit can be used for many types of spatial analysis and can presented information in two or three dimensions. Future events can be created as scenarios and three dimensional "Fly throughФ can be created to Уgame out possible futures. This is a very powerful decision support ability. Using the GIS Portal will allow for participatory mapping as an input for the TODSS process by allowing stakeholders to visualize perspectives and relationships. Different methodologies create tangible fields for decision of geographic social and economic resources and the spatial and temporal relationships between those resources. The use of participatory mapping allows the use of maps developed by stakeholders to be used for negotiation in conflict resolution and collaboration in planning for the vacationscape. Mapping exercises can be used to analyze relationships between and among assets and causes, effects, strengths, weaknesses and constraints. Different types of mapping can be used at various points in the OODA process for exploration, analysis and evaluation. The choice of method will depend on the project and the skill of the user, the project and the equipment available. 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